Recent Posts

Radiation Acoustics

PhotoSounds OEM line of products is an ideal starting point for the development of custom systems where the parallel acquisition of multiple channels is required. All our ADCs are streaming and allow the continuous acquisition of data straight to the receiving computer for processing or storage.

PhotoSound’s ADCs are feature-rich, they have multiple electronic and optical trigger inputs as well as programmable outputs that allow the timing control of additional devices. It is possible to combine multiple ADCs in parallel. Simultaneous acquisition of 4096 channels has been realized routinely.

What is Radiation Acoustics?

Radiation Acoustics is the conversion of pulsed energy in form of electrons, protons X-rays and microwaves into sound waves. For example the interaction of X-rays and tissue is weaker than that of optical light which allows for deep penetration. However, the same weak interaction is greatly reducing contrast. The long pulse duration of X-ray sources limits the spatial resolution of X-ray acoustic imaging systems.

While probably unable to compete as an imaging technique in comparison to conventional imaging solutions, it offers unique possibilities for monitoring and dosimetry of radiation therapy. Accurate real-time monitoring of dosage and placement can potentially be a game changer in radiation therapy and would reduce the amount of treatment cycles and time required.

Photosound products are uniquely suited for the acquisition of acoustic signals generated by pulsed X-rays. The high input impedance of our preamplifier ensures the faithful recording of low-frequency signals, their high gain, and low SNR along with the high channel count minimizes the amount of X-ray pulses required to require data.

PhotoSound Product Used

Legion AMP

Real-time, volumetric imaging of radiation dose delivery deep into the liver during cancer treatment

Toward in vivo dosimetry in external beam radiotherapy using x-ray acoustic computed tomography: A soft-tissue phantom study validation

The development of ionizing radiation acoustic imaging (iRAI) for mapping the dose deep in the patient body during radiation therapy

Ionizing radiation acoustic and ultrasound dual-modality imaging for visualization of dose on anatomical structures during radiotherapy

Legion ADC

4D in vivo dosimetry for a FLASH electron beam using radiation-induced acoustic imaging

Discrete Wavelet Transformation for the Sensitive Detection of Ultrashort Radiation Pulse with Radiation-Induced Acoustics

Model-Based 3-D X-Ray Induced Acoustic Computerized Tomography

Real-time tracking of the Bragg peak during proton therapy via 3D protoacoustic Imaging in a clinical scenario

Toward real-time, volumetric dosimetry for FLASH-capable clinical synchrocyclotrons using protoacoustic imaging

3D protoacoustic radiography: A proof of principle study

TriTom

GPU-Accelerated 3D Volumetric X-Ray-Induced Acoustic Computed Tomography

In Situ X-Ray Induced Acoustic Computed Tomography with a Contrast Agent: A Proof of Concept

MONODISPERSE SUB-100 NM AU NANOSHELLS FOR LOW-FLUENCE DEEP-TISSUE PHOTOACOUSTIC IMAGING

August 4, 2023

Author(s): Luis D. B. Manuel, Vinion Devpaul Vincely, Carolyn Bayer, and Kevin M. McPeak

ABSTRACT

Nanoparticles with high absorption cross sections will advance therapeutic and bioimaging nanomedicine technologies. While Au nanoshells have shown great promise in nanomedicine, state-of-the-art synthesis methods result in scattering-dominant particles, mitigating their efficacy in absorption-based techniques that leverage the photothermal effect, such as photoacoustic (PA) imaging. We introduce a highly reproducible synthesis route to monodisperse sub-100 nm Au nanoshells with an absorption-dominant optical response. Au nanoshells with 48 nm SiO2 cores and 7 nm Au shells show a 14-fold increase in their volumetric absorption coefficient compared to commercial Au nanoshells with dimensions commonly used in nanomedicine. PA imaging with Au nanoshell contrast agents showed a 50% improvement in imaging depth for sub-100 nm Au nanoshells compared with the smallest commercially available nanoshells in a turbid phantom. Furthermore, the high PA signal at low fluences, enabled by sub-100 nm nanoshells, will aid the deployment of low-cost, low-fluence light-emitting diodes for PA imaging.

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SIZE-TUNABLE ICG-BASED CONTRAST AGENT PLATFORM FOR TARGETED NEAR-INFRARED PHOTOACOUSTIC IMAGING

2022 Dec 11

Author(s): Shrishti Singh, Giovanni Giammanco, Chih-Hsiang Hu, Joshua Bush, Leandro Soto Cordova, Dylan J Lawrence, Jeffrey L Moran, Parag V Chitnis, Remi Veneziano

ABSTRACT

Near-infrared photoacoustic imaging (NIR-PAI) combines the advantages of optical and ultrasound imaging to provide anatomical and functional information of tissues with high resolution. Although NIR-PAI is promising, its widespread use is hindered by the limited availability of NIR contrast agents. J-aggregates (JA) made of indocyanine green dye (ICG) represents an attractive class of biocompatible contrast agents for PAI. Here, we present a facile synthesis method that combines ICG and ICG-azide dyes for producing contrast agents with tunable size down to 230 nm and direct functionalization with targeting moieties. The ICG-JA platform has a detectable PA signal in vitro that is two times stronger than whole blood and high photostability. The targeting ability of ICG-JA was measured in vitro using HeLa cells. The ICG-JA platform was then injected into mice and in vivo NIR-PAI showed enhanced visualization of liver and spleen for 90 min post-injection with a contrast-to-noise ratio of 2.42.

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FUNCTIONAL PHOTOACOUSTIC IMAGING FOR PLACENTAL MONITORING: A MINI REVIEW

available on 2024-09-29

Author(s): Vinoin Devpaul Vincely, Carolyn L Bayer

ABSTRACT

The placenta, a highly vascularized interface between the mother and fetus, undergoes dramatic anatomical and functional changes during pregnancy. These changes occur both during healthy development and adverse pathologies of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia. Abnormal placental development can lead to life-long health impacts on both the mother and child. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging, extensively developed for preclinical imaging applications in oncology and cardiovascular disease, uses optical energy to generate acoustic waves through thermoelastic expansion of light-absorbing chromophores within tissue. Recently, photoacoustic imaging has been used to study preclinical placental anatomy and function. If clinical translation of photoacoustic imaging of the placenta is achieved, the impact on maternal-fetal health could be expansive. This perspective highlights the recent progress in photoacoustic imaging for placental monitoring and discusses the progress needed for human clinical translation.

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SPHERICAL-VIEW PHOTOACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY FOR MONITORING IN VIVO PLACENTAL FUNCTION

29 September 2020

Author(s): Kristie Huda , Chengxi Wu , Jaclyn G. Sider, Carolyn L. Bayer


Fig. 4. (a) Image of relative hemoglobin oxygenation measured using PA data at 100 % oxygen supply. In the colormap, red indicates oxygenated, and blue indicates deoxygenated hemoglobin (GD 14). (b) Plot of mean relative sPO2 of placentas (n = 3 per animal) with standard deviation and (c) Plot of mean relative sPO2 of maternal common iliac arteries (n = 2 per animal) with standard deviation versus arterial oxygenation measured by pulse oximeter at GD 14. Scale bar is 3 mm. A video of reconstructed colormap of 3D volume is provided in the Supplementary.

ABSTRACT

Photoacoustic tomography has great potential to image dynamic functional changes in vivo. Many tomographic systems are built with a circular view geometry, necessitating a linear translation along one axis of the subject to obtain a three-dimensional volume. In this work, we evaluated a prototype spherical view photoacoustic tomographic system which acquires a 3D volume in a single scan, without linear translation. We simultaneously measured relative hemoglobin oxygen saturation in multiple placentas of pregnant mice under oxygen challenge. We also synthesized a folate-conjugated indocyanine green (ICG) contrast agent to image folate kinetics in the placenta. Photoacoustic tomography performed at the wavelength of peak optical absorption of our contrast agent revealed increased ICG signal over time. Through these phantom and in vivo studies, we have demonstrated that the spherical view 3D photoacoustic tomographic system achieves high sensitivity and fast image acquisition, enabling in vivo experiments to assess physiological and molecular dynamics.

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NON-INVASIVE 3D PHOTOACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY OF ANGIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY AND HEMODYNAMICS OF FATTY LIVERS IN RATS

17 November 2022

Author(s): Xin Tong, Li Lin, Peng Hu, Rui Cao, Yang Zhang, Joshua Olick-Gibson,and Lihong V. Wang

ABSTRACT

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disorder worldwide, which strongly correlates to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndromes. Complementary to mainstream liver diagnostic modalities, photoacoustic tomography (PAT) can provide high-speed images with functional optical contrast. However, PAT has not been demonstrated to study fatty liver anatomy with clear volumetric vasculatures. The livers of multiple rats are non-invasively imaged in vivo using the recently developed 3D PAT platform. The system provides isotropically high spatial resolution in 3D space, presenting clear angiographic structures of rat livers without injecting contrast agents. Furthermore, to quantitatively analyze the difference between the livers of lean and obese rats, the authors measured several PAT features and statistical differences between the two groups are observed. In addition to the anatomy, a time-gated strategy is applied to correct respiration-induced motion artifacts and extracted the hemodynamics of major blood vessels during the breathing cycles. This study demonstrates the capabilities of 3D-PAT to reveal both angiographic anatomy and function in rat livers, providing hematogenous information for fatty liver diagnosis. 3D-PAT, as a new tool for preclinical research, warrants further improvements to be transferred to human pediatric liver imaging.

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WHOLE-BODY HUMAN UTLRASOUND TOMOGRAPHY

ABSTRACT

We developed a system for whole-body human ultrasound tomography in reflection and
transmission modes. A custom 512-element ultrasound receiver array with a rotating single-element ultrasound transmitter are used to generate 2D isotropically resolved images across the entire human cross-section. We demonstrate this technique in regions such as the abdomen and legs in healthy volunteers. Compared to handheld-probe-based ultrasonography, this approach provides a substantially larger field of view, depends less on operator training, and obtains quantitative tissue parameter profiles in addition to reflectivity images. Whole-body ultrasound tomography could be valuable in applications such as organ disease screening, image-guided needle biopsy, and treatment monitoring.

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A COMBINED ULTRASOUND AND PHOTOACOUSTIC IMAGING PLATFORM FOR CLINICAL RESEARCH APPLICATIONS

3 March 2022

Author(s): Weylan Thompson, Hans-Peter Brecht, Sergey A. Ermilov, Vassili Ivanov

ABSTRACT

We present the continued development of a clinical ultrasound (US) imaging device with a photoacoustic (PA) mode. The combined USPA imaging platform is designed around a compact US component capable of B-mode, M-mode, color Doppler, and pulsed wave Doppler US imaging modes with a 128-element US probe. The PA mode can support a 256-element PA probe with real-time 2D imaging up to 20 Hz. The PA signals are amplified by a 40 dB pre-amplifier while US mode signals bypass the circuit, resulting in high-quality PA images. We demonstrate the USPA platform’s capabilities using tissue-mimicking phantoms.

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HYBRID PHOTOACOUSTIC ULTRASOUND IMAGING SYSTEM FOR COLD-INDUCED VASOCONSTRICTION AND VASODILATION MONITORING

02 August 2023

Author(s): Ruochong Zhang, Xiuting Li, Ghayathri Balasundaram, Baocheng Li, Yi Qi, Anindita Santosa, Tze Chin Tan, Malini Olivo, Renzhe Bi

ABSTRACT

Lewis hunting reaction refers to the alternating cold-induced vasoconstriction and dilation in extremities, whose underlying mechanism is complex. While numerous studies reported this intriguing phenomenon by measuring cutaneous temperature fluctuation under cold exposure, few of them tracked peripheral vascular responses in real-time, lacking a non-invasive and quantitative imaging tool. To better monitor hunting reaction and diagnose relevant diseases, we developed a hybrid photoacoustic ultrasound (PAUS) tomography system to monitor finger vessels’ dynamic response to cold, together with simultaneous temperature measurement. We also came out a standard workflow for image analysis with self-defined indices. In the small cohort observational study, vascular changes in the first cycle of hunting reaction were successfully captured by the image series and quantified. Time difference between vasodilation and temperature recovery was noticed and reported for the first time, thanks to the unique capability of the PAUS imaging system in real-time and continuous vascular monitoring. The developed imaging system and indices enabled more objective and quantitative monitoring of peripheral vascular activities, indicating its great potential in numerous clinical applications.

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